During the change in operating medium, pressures and temperatures in some system operating points cannot remain the same as in the process with CO 2, but the intention was to perform only the necessary changes (to ensure proper operation of each system component). Other observed operating mediums were Air and Helium. It is investigated did the observed system, while retaining the same configuration, can operate with different operating mediums instead of CO 2. Basically, the observed system operates by using CO 2, what was the baseline for the analysis. Analyzed system can use waste heat from various main propulsors (gas turbines or internal combustion engines). In this paper is performed energy and exergy analysis of waste heat recovery closed-cycle gas turbine system. Inside the observed steam turbine, LPC is the most influenced by the ambient temperature change, therefore future research and possible optimization should be specifically based on this cylinder. Exergy destruction of the whole observed turbine is between 67.85 MW and 77.62 MW, while the whole turbine exergy efficiency ranges between 89.47% and 90.67%. Exergy analysis shows that LPC is a cylinder with the highest exergy destruction (between 24.67 MW and 28.24 MW) and the lowest exergy efficiency (between 82.27% and 84.16%) in comparison to the other cylinders. An increase in the ambient temperature increases exergy destructions and decreases exergy efficiencies of the whole turbine and each cylinder. The dominant mechanical power producer of all the cylinders is a low pressure cylinder (LPC) which produces 262.06 MW of mechanical power. Exergy analysis parameters were calculated for the whole turbine and each cylinder for the ambient temperature range between 5 ☌ and 45 ☌. In this paper is performed exergy analysis of three cylinder steam turbine from the supercritical coal-fired power plant. The range of turbine energy power losses in all possible observed combinations is between 5401.78 kW and 6050.30 kW, while the range of exergy destruction is between 4949.44 kW and 5746.81 kW. Considering all the combinations of turbine steam extractions opening/closing, it is obtained that the range of real developed power is between 30612.91 kW and 34289.14 kW, while the range of turbine exergy efficiencies is between 85.65% and 86.08%. Turbine energy efficiency is not affected by steam extractions opening/closing. Turbine developed power during steam extractions opening/closing is direct proportional to turbine energy and exergy losses and reverse proportional to turbine exergy efficiencies. Steam extractions opening and closing can have a notable influence on various turbine operating parameters, what is currently purely exploited in the literature. The analyzed steam turbine can be used in steam power plant or in the marine steam propulsion system (low-power steam turbine). The paper presents steam turbine power, energy and exergy efficiencies and losses analysis during steam extractions opening/closing. According to obtained energy efficiency value it can be concluded that the whole analyzed stea m turbine is comparable to main marine propulsion steam turbines, while its energy efficiency is much lower in comparison to steam turbines from conventional steam power plant s which operates by using superheated steam. The whole turbine produces real (polytropic) mechanical power equal to 1247.69 MW, has energy loss equal to 352.70 MW and energy efficiency equal to 77.96%. Therefore, any potential improvement of this steam turbine should be based dominantly on th e LPC, which also has a dominant influence on energy analysis parameters of the whole observed turb ine. A comparison of both cylinders shows that the dominant mechanical power producer is LPC, which a lso has much higher energy loss and much lower energy efficiency. Along with the whole turbine, energy analysis is performed for each turbine cylinder (High Pressure Cylinder-HPC and Low Pressure Cylinder-LPC).
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In this paper, two-cylinder steam turbine, which operates in nuclear power plant is analyzed from the energy viewpoint.